Retin-A
The therapeutic effects of topical Retin-A on skin have been recognized
for at least the past 35 years. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin known as
Retinol; derivatives of this, including Retin-A, are known as the retinoids.
Retinol is available in our diet as the vitamin itself or as precursors
known as the carotenes, Beta-carotene (found in carrots) being the most
popular example. These vitamins are absorbed through the intestines and
stored in the liver. Retinol is the actual protein in the cells of the
retina that react to light, and Vitamin A has been used for over 3000 years
to treat visual disturbances, especially night blindness. Vitamin A also
maintains specialized epithelial surfaces such as the mucous membranes,
skin, the intestinal lining, and other organs. More recently, Retinols have
been discovered to play a role in the development of tissues and organs,
tumor growth suppression, and the immune system. Retin-A has been used for
acne treatment since the late 1960's, triggering the revolution in
non-surgical treatment and rejuvenation of the skin. Available in creams or
gels in different strengths, Retin-A produces a mild superficial peel of the
epidermis and affects not only the surface (epidermis) but also deeper layer
of the skin (dermis). In the epidermis it affects the dispersion and
depletion of melanin, as well as thickens and strengthens the actual tissue.
At the dermal layer, it activates collagen-producing cells, increases blood
vessel development and nutrition, and causes cells to divide faster. FDA
approved for use on photodamaged skin in the late 1970's, Retin-A stimulates
repair, cell division, and collagen thickening, and decreases clogged pores.
It improves acne, lightens spots, and smoothes wrinkles. Minimal side
effects include temporary peeling, redness and sun sensitivity, requiring
that Retin-A be used in conjunction with a sunscreen. In the 1980's, Retin-A
became a part of other cosmetic procedures such as peels and dermabrasion.
Later, as we learned more about the benefits of Retin-A, physicians began to
incorporate it into aggressive skin treatment protocols that provide for
very safe and predictable skin rejuvenation. Often, the goal is a careful
combination of three products; Retin-A, hydroquinone, and glycolics in a
very specific physician-supervised program. The program can improve
pigmentation, smooth wrinkles and prepare the skin for cosmetic surgery,
accelerate the healing after surgery, and accelerate their effect of
bleaching creams. | 